For any paper you write in your sociology classes, you will need to use a formal style of citation and referencing whenever you use someone else's words, ideas, research, or materials. The links below access the two formal styles most often used in sociology: the American Sociological Association (ASA) and the American Psychological Association's (APA) guidelines. These guidelines and their associated style manuals can also help explain formatting styles for the paper, including the use of title pages, page numbering, margins, use of subheadings, etc. Of course, it is up to your instructor as to which citation style to use and he/she may require a formal style other than these two. However, understand that using a formal citation style is a necessity in academic and professional writing to add integrity to your paper and to avoid academic dishonesty and plagiarism. In fact, the golden rule of academic writing and citation is, "When in doubt, cite."
If you are not sure what academic dishonesty or plagiarism is, please check out the next tab about the policies on these issues suggested by ASU and this department.
American Sociological Association (ASA) Citation and Reference Guidelines
NOTE: Paperback editions of these guidelines are available to check out in the Department of Sociology's main office.
- Quick ASA Style Guide from the American Sociological Association
- Specific Explanations and Examples of ASA guidelines (provided by Purdue University)
- American Psychological Association (APA) Citation and Reference Guidelines
- Specific Explanations and Examples of APA guidelines (provided by Purdue University)